{"id":271,"date":"2020-11-05T19:03:12","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T18:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/?page_id=271"},"modified":"2025-12-11T12:09:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T11:09:14","slug":"blog-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/blog-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Blog"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"271\" class=\"elementor elementor-271\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-243a447 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"243a447\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030f22b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"030f22b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d24f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"97d24f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Kuheinzeln-2-scaled-opr347kpkr3qdofkhl3almhi4svjqx24wamiaptxac.jpg\" title=\"Kuheinzeln (2)\" alt=\"Kuheinzeln (2)\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c2d2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"95c2d2b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0ad987 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0ad987\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our blog posts are created by or with the help of the Chat.AI tool \u2018Qwen 3 30B A3B Instruct 2507\u2019 from the University of G\u00f6ttingen.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6142603 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6142603\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"461a767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Virtual fences: The GPS revolution that could save dairy farmers time (and money)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cdc9c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cdc9c2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c479e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c479e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Imagine a world where your cows know exactly where to graze without the need for physical fences. This isn't science fiction. It's virtual fencing (VF), and a new study shows that it could fundamentally change pasture management for dairy farmers in temperate climates.<\/p><p><strong>The grazing problem: Why fences are a challenge for agriculture<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">For decades, dairy farmers have used physical electric fences to control grazing\u2014but this is labor-intensive and costly. As our study in Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management explains, \u201cKeeping large herds on extensive grazing lands can reduce grazing efficiency... one contributing factor is the significant labor required for physical fencing.\u201d<\/p><p>In Germany (the focus of the study), only 6.8% of dairy farms with more than 500 cows use pasture land\u2014a trend toward more indoor housing that is increasing as farms become larger. However, pasture-based systems offer real advantages: lower feed costs, better animal welfare, and even more climate-friendly milk production.<\/p><p><strong>What is virtual fencing? <\/strong><\/p><p>Virtual fences replace physical fences with GPS-enabled collars and software. When a cow approaches a virtual boundary, it receives an audible warning, such as a beep, followed by a mild electric pulse if it crosses the virtual boundary. No physical barrier is required. \u201cPrevious studies have not documented any negative effects of VF on the welfare of cattle.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">VF is not yet approved in Germany. When the time comes for farmers to be allowed to use the technology, it will still be crucial that VF must be used in conjunction with an external physical fence due to legal regulations in Germany. However, the internal fences can be replaced\u2014the fences that farmers have to constantly move around for precise pasture management.<\/p><p><strong>The big question: Is it worth the price?<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">The most valuable insight from the study? <strong>Virtual fencing is not a magic solution for everything\u2014but with the right pasture management strategy, it can pay off.<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>There is no one-size-fits-all solution.<\/strong> The study tested four types of operations:<\/p><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Stable housing systems<\/strong> (without grazing) \u2192 best for transitioning to grazing<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Extensive systems<\/strong> (large pastures) \u2192 best for integrating nature conservation<\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Small-scale, extensive, and intensive systems<\/strong> \u2192 require careful management adjustments<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><p>The current study shows:<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">\u2705 <strong>The labor savings are real:<\/strong> With VF, fence maintenance is no longer necessary, saving up to 1\u20132 hours per day. However, the labor intensity of using a VF system still needs to be determined through long-term experiments.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">\u2705 <strong>Economic profitability depends on the size of the farm:<\/strong> For farms with <strong>150+ cows<\/strong>, VF could become cost-effective. Smaller farms (50 cows) incur losses due to the high acquisition costs of a VF system.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\">\u2705 <strong>Management changes are crucial:<\/strong> Simply replacing fences is not enough. Grazing must be optimized. There are different strategies for different grazing systems:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Extend grazing time<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Improvement of pasture utilization<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Integration of ecosystem services<\/strong> (e.g., fencing off an area for nature conservation measures)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>The conclusion for dairy farms<\/strong><\/p><ol><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>It's not just about saving working time<\/strong> \u2013 it's about <em>using pastures more efficiently<\/em>. The study found that VF can reduce pasture residues by 10%, which means that basic feed performance can be increased, thereby saving on concentrate costs.<\/li><li><strong>GAP-Zahlungen sind eine Geheimwaffe.<\/strong> Die neue Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik der EU (2023\u20132027) bietet Zahlungen f\u00fcr:<ul><li>Eco-Scheme 4 (Extensivierung): 100 \u20ac\/ha<\/li><li>\u00d6ko-Schema 5 (Biodiversit\u00e4t): 225 \u20ac\/ha<\/li><li>Die Nutzung von VF erleichtert die Qualifikation f\u00fcr diese Zahlungen. Die Situation k\u00f6nnte sich jedoch \u00e4ndern, da die neuen GAP-\u00c4nderungen nach 2027 erneut diskutiert werden. Beispielsweise k\u00f6nnte ein gr\u00f6\u00dferer Anteil an ergebnisbasierten Zahlungen in die neue GAP-Architektur aufgenommen werden, was den wirtschaftlichen Wert der Nutzung des VF-Systems weiter erh\u00f6hen w\u00fcrde.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>With the further development and spread of VF systems, technology and data transmission costs will fall<\/strong>. Combined with economies of scale, this will make VF systems more economically viable for all types of businesses in the future.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"translation-block\">Virtual fencing is not (just) about replacing fences\u2014it is about rethinking pasture management. As the researchers conclude, \u201cVF has the potential to support ecological sustainability in grassland ecosystems by improving land use practices.\u201d<\/p><p>The vision is a smarter, more efficient use of grassland\u2014controlled by GPS, not wire. And as this study shows, that future is closer than you might think.<\/p><p class=\"translation-block\"><em>Source: Kiefer, A., Isselstein, J., &amp; Bahrs, E. (2025). Economic evaluation of virtual fence technology in dairy farms: A model study in temperate climates. Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management. DOI: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rama.2025.09.014.\" style=\"font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400\" target=\"_self\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rama.2025.09.014<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb0afb0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cb0afb0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6e56ff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6e56ff\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-424a8f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"424a8f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preicision Grazing: How cows are shaping the future of pasture farming as ecosystem engineers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9abb03d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9abb03d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em class=\"italic text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm\">A blog post based on a new study from the journal \u2018Basic and Applied Ecology\u2019<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b6dbbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b6dbbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">At a time when agriculture and nature conservation often appear to be at odds with each other, a new vision is emerging: <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Precision Grazing<\/strong> \u2013 an intelligent, data-based form of pasture management that combines economic efficiency with ecological diversity. A groundbreaking study by scientists at the Universities of Giessen, G\u00f6ttingen and Cologne now shows that cows are not just feed consumers, but true <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">ecosystem engineers<\/strong> whose presence has a significant impact on the biodiversity of grasslands \u2013 and on a whole new level: <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">spatially and temporally precise<\/strong>.<\/div><h2 class=\"text-lg font-semibold mt-5 mb-3 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">The big question: What really influences arthropod diversity in meadows?<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">Frank Jauker's research group examined a long-term experiment in the Solling region (Lower Saxony) in which three different extensive grazing management strategies were compared. The aim was to find out: <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Which factors have the greatest influence on arthropod populations \u2013 vegetation structure or the presence of cows?<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"text-sm\">The results are surprising:<\/div><blockquote class=\"border-l-4 border-blue-500 pl-4 py-2 my-4 italic text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800\/50 rounded-r text-sm\"><div class=\"text-sm\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">The presence of cows had a much stronger influence on arthropods than vegetation alone.<\/strong><\/div><\/blockquote><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">This means that it is not only important <em class=\"italic text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm\">how much<\/em> grass grows on the pasture over the season, but also <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">when, where and for how long cows have grazed<\/strong>. The study shows that the <strong>precise<\/strong> <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">temporal dynamics<\/strong> of grazing \u2013 i.e. the small-scale frequency and duration of the animals' presence \u2013 are crucial for biodiversity.<\/div><h2 class=\"text-lg font-semibold mt-5 mb-3 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Why cows are considered ecosystem engineers<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"text-sm\">Cows change the landscape in many ways:<\/div><ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 mb-4 space-y-1 text-sm\"><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\">Through <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">selective grazing<\/strong>, they create structural heterogeneity (different grass heights, open and dense areas).<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\">Trampling and manure production create microhabitats for insects and spiders.<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\">They promote <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">nutrient distribution<\/strong> and <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">seed dispersal<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">These processes have a long-term effect on pastures. However, the study shows that, when viewed on a small scale, many arthropod groups \u2013 such as spiders, flies and leafhoppers \u2013 react positively to the presence of cows in much shorter periods than a traditional grazing season. A particular effect was observed in ants: under extensive grazing, their populations respond positively to the duration of the cows' presence throughout the entire grazing period \u2013 a clear sign that cows change the environment not only in the short term, but also in the long term.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><h2 class=\"text-lg font-semibold mt-5 mb-3 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">The power of data: GPS, drones and the future of pasture farming<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"text-sm\">The study used modern technologies to capture these spatial-temporal dynamics:<\/div><ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 mb-4 space-y-1 text-sm\"><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\">GPS collars on individual cows provided precise data on their movements and length of stay in 2.5 x 2.5 metre grid cells.<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Drones (UAVs)<\/strong> equipped with RGB cameras recorded vegetation height and biomass in high spatial resolution.<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\">When combined, these data show not only \u2018what\u2019 happens, but also \u2018when and where\u2019.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"text-sm\">The researchers found that:<\/div><blockquote class=\"border-l-4 border-blue-500 pl-4 py-2 my-4 italic text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800\/50 rounded-r text-sm\"><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">The field scale intensity (e.g. 4 cows per hectare per grazing season) was a poor predictor for arthropods. <\/strong><br><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">In contrast, the spatiotemporally high-resolution presence of cows (e.g. 8 days before sampling on 100 m\u00b2) was much more important.<\/div><\/blockquote><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">This is a crucial breakthrough: <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">The future of pasture farming lies not in static rules, but in dynamic, data-based decisions.<\/strong><\/div><h2 class=\"text-lg font-semibold mt-5 mb-3 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">What does this mean in practice?<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">The results open the door to <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">\u2018precision grazing\u2019<\/strong> \u2013 a form of pasture management that:<\/div><ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 mb-4 space-y-1 text-sm\"><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">virtual fences<\/strong> (e.g. using GPS technology) to guide cows into specific areas.<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Real-time data<\/strong> from GPS and drones is analysed to optimise grazing planning.<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm translation-block\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">ecological objectives<\/strong> (such as biodiversity) and <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">economic objectives<\/strong> (such as feed production) are harmonised.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">Instead of distributing cows evenly across the entire field, they could be <strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">sent specifically to areas<\/strong> where they have the greatest positive impact on biodiversity \u2013 and kept away from ecologically sensitive areas.<\/div><h2 class=\"text-lg font-semibold mt-5 mb-3 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Conclusion: Cows as partners of nature<\/strong><\/h2><div class=\"text-sm\">The study confirms:<\/div><blockquote class=\"border-l-4 border-blue-500 pl-4 py-2 my-4 italic text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800\/50 rounded-r text-sm\"><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">Cows are not \u2018pests\u2019 for nature, but potential allies. Their presence, when controlled in terms of space and time, can promote biodiversity \u2013 without economic losses.<\/div><\/blockquote><div class=\"text-sm translation-block\">The future of pasture farming lies in the integration of ecology and technology. With the right data and innovative management strategies, we can not only become more efficient agriculturally, but also preserve valuable grassland ecosystems \u2013 for animals, plants and us humans.<\/div><hr class=\"border-t border-gray-300 dark:border-gray-700 my-6\" \/><h3 class=\"text-base font-medium mt-4 mb-2 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Further information and reference<\/strong><\/h3><ul class=\"list-disc pl-6 mb-4 space-y-1 text-sm\"><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Original study:<\/strong>\u00a0Jauker, F. et al. (2025).\u00a0<em class=\"italic text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm\">Towards precision grazing: Spatio-temporal dynamics of the relation between cattle, vegetation, and arthropods<\/em>. Basic and Applied Ecology.<\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Open Access:<\/strong>\u00a0<a class=\"text-blue-500 hover:text-blue-700 dark:text-blue-400 dark:hover:text-blue-300 underline transition-colors text-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.baae.2025.10.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.baae.2025.10.011<\/a><\/li><li class=\"text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 text-sm\"><strong class=\"font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-sm\">Funding:<\/strong>\u00a0Gef\u00f6rdert vom Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unsere Blogbeitr\u00e4ge werden von oder mit Hilfe des Chat.AI-Tools &#8222;Qwen 3 30B A3B Instruct 2507&#8220; der Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen erstellt.\u00a0 Virtuelle Z\u00e4une: Die GPS-Revolution, die Milchbauern Zeit (und Geld) sparen k\u00f6nnte Stellen Sie sich eine Welt vor, in der Ihre K\u00fche genau wissen, wo sie grasen m\u00fcssen, ohne physische Z\u00e4une zu brauchen. Das ist keine Science-Fiction. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-271","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=271"}],"version-history":[{"count":137,"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3264,"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/271\/revisions\/3264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greengrass-project.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}